Electricity is the term given to the set of phenomenon related to existence and movement of charged particles. The fundamental of electricity itself lies in charges, that can either be positive or negative. However, the type of charge itself depends on the presence of negatively charged subatomic entities (particles) called electrons, the absence of electrons depicting positive charge.

Yosemite falls is a waterfall in Yosemite National Park, Yosemite, California. It is one of the most visited site in the park as of 2022.It is the tallest waterfall in whole of North America. Yosemite Falls in California, USA. History President Abraham Lincoln first authorized some protection for Yosemite in 1864 (at the height of the Civil War). The establishment of the national park 26 years later offered broader protection for a much larger area and also provided a template for the very idea of a national park system.In 1894, the USA declared this one of it's first national park.

Lung Tumour is the abnormal growth of lung tissues that can significantly block the airways in the lung and can cause issues in breathing.  History “Lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of death in both men and women in the US, with over 158,900 deaths in 1999. Worldwide, lung cancer kills over 1 million people a year. Extensive prospective epidemiologic data clearly establish cigarette smoking as the major cause of lung cancer. It is estimated that about 90% of male lung cancer deaths and 75–80% of lung cancer deaths in the US are caused by smoking each year” (Hecht, 1999). Clearly, lung cancer is an important and widespread disease that constitutes a major public health problem. This was not always so. Some 150 years ago, it was an extremely rare disease. In 1878, malignant lung tumors represented only 1% of all cancers seen at autopsy in the Institute of Pathology of the University of Dresden in Germany. By 1918, the percentage had risen to almost 10% and by 1927 to more th

Epithelium, also known as ' Epithelial tissue' is one of the four basic types of animal tissues, the other four being connective tissue, muscle tissue and nerve tissue.

Conjunctivitis is an infection on the topmost layer of the eyes. The infection generally results in reddening of the infected eye and is contagious. History

Overview Myocardial Infraction, also commonly called as heart attack, is a medical condition where the coronary arteries gets blocked due to formation of plague. This usually results in the death of the heart tissues of the affected areas. The condition is usually treatable but in times may lead to death if not given proper medical attention. History The American College of Cardiology reports that the earliest documented case of coronary atherosclerosis – a build-up of plaque in the arteries that can cause a heart attack – was in an Egyptian princess who lived between 1580 and 1550 B.C. The study also found that heart diseases were more common in ancient times than previously speculated. Symptoms Symptoms include tightness or pain in the chest, neck, back or arms, as well as fatigue, lightheadedness, abnormal heartbeat and anxiety. Women are more likely to have atypical symptoms than men. Heart attack is generally gradual and if not given medical attention may cause serious irreparable

Overview Stroke is a medical condition in which a single or multiple of the blood vessels supplying oxygen rich blood to the brain gets blocked. This renders some part of the brain unfunctional for a period of time which may in rare instances lead to brain-death, in which tissues of the brain suffer irreparable damage. Stroke is also called CVA, cerebrovascular accident. History     Hippocrates, famously known as the "Father of Medicine" , first recognised stroke more than 2,400 years ago. He called the condition apoplexy, which is a Greek term that stands for “struck down by violence”.  Jacob Wepfer, a Swiss pathologist, discovered in the early 1600s that the blood supply was disrupted in the brains of those people who died from apoplexy. He soon came to the conclusion that deaths in most such cases was due to massive bleeding inside the brain. This was one of most significant findings that would lead modern medicine to find the treatment to such disorder. Symptoms Initial s

  Overview Joint Entrance Examination ( JEE ) is a national level examination conducted in India by NTA every year for under-graduate admissions to any of the 32 IITs all over India. Every IIT is a Govt. run engineering college. Mode of Examination JEE (Main)- will be conducted in the following modes: I. Paper 1 (B.E. /B. Tech.) in “Computer Based Test (CBT)” mode only. II. Paper 2A (B. Arch): Mathematics (Part-I) and Aptitude Test (Part-II) in “Computer Based Test (CBT)” mode only and Drawing Test (Part-III) in pen & paper (offline) mode, to be attempted on drawing sheet of A4 size. III. Paper 2B (B. Planning): Mathematics (Part-I), Aptitude Test (Part-II) and Planning Based Questions (Part-III) in Computer Based Test (CBT) mode only. Eligibility Criteria For appearing in the JEE (Main) , there is no age limit for the candidates. The candidates who have passed the class 12 / equivalent examination in , , or appearing in irrespective of their age ca

Overview National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) is the only all India medical entrance examination for students willing to pursue their career in medical science. It is currently the only examination in India capable of letting admission in the reputed AIIMS government medical colleges in India, run by the Central govt. of India. The test is conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA) under the sole guidance of Ministry of Education. History The National Medical Commission Act, 2019 received assent of the President on 08th August, 2019. Section 14 of the National Medical Commission Act, 2019 provides for holding of a common and uniform National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test (NEET) for admission to the undergraduate medical courses in all medical institutions including those governed under any other law. Thus, the admission to MBBS course in AIIMS, New Delhi, JIPMER and all AIIMS like Institutions will also be made through NEET. (NMC Act, 2019) The responsibility of NTA is lim

 Overview Biomolecules are the molecules of various proteins and more essentially the chemical elements required at the tissue level of all living organisms to carry out various vital body functions for life to sustain. Types of Biomolecules From a Biological point of view we can classify biomolecules into two main categories, namely micro - molecules and macro - molecules. The micro molecules such as Amino Acid, simple sugar, and nucleotides are acid soluble whereas the macro molecules such as polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acid are not soluble in acid.

  Overview Humans as a species have evolved over thousand of years to be one of the most developed ones on Earth. The famous Theory of Evolution was proposed by Charles Darwin, an English scientist. The theory was later renamed as "Theory of Natural Selection"  based on what the theory suggests, it is also commonly called Darwinism. History For many years it was believed that the Earth and all that is present on it were spontaneously created by God. The implications of this belief was that all the species present on the Earth had been there from beginning and unchanging. However, according to the  ' autogenesis theory '  of the origin of life, the origin of life itself lies in non-living organic matter. Over years, various theories have been put forward to explain this theory, only two of them being widely accepted due to their more logical approach. These two are the 'Theory of Acquired Characters' and 'Theory of Natural Selection'.  Theories of Human

  Overview Sir. C.V. Raman was an Indian Physicist who is popularly remembered for his contribution in explanation of the phenomenon of scattering of light, for which he was awarded the Nobel prize in 1930.

Overview Albert Einstein was a German physicist often remembered for his favour theory of general relativity and special relativity.  Early Life Einstein as a kid, when he was 6 years old Albert Einstein was born on March 14, 1879 in Ulm, Germany. He was very unhappy with the rigid discipline of the schools of his native Germany, went at age of 16 to Switzerland to complete his education. One of Einstein's teachers once called him a "lazy dog". Works and Contributions  Throughout his life, he published hundreds of books and papers. Einstein's early papers were to demonstrate that atoms exist and have a finite non zero size. In his paper on the electrodynamics of moving objects in 1905 he introduced his theory of special relativity. In this paper he proved that the speed of light is independent from the state of observer. He postulated that light itself consists of localised particles called quanta. His theory was nearly universally rejected by all physicists but becam

Overview Diagram showing the basics of photoelectric effect A metal surface when exposed to radiation energy (like x rays, Gamma rays, UV rays, etc.) liberates electrons which can constitute electric current if a the is connected to a suitable conductor such as a wire. This phenomenon of emission of electrons due to exposure of a metal surface to radiation is called photoelectric effect. History German Physicist Heinrich Hetz In 1887, German physicist Heinrich Hertz was experimenting by shining beams of ultraviolet lights on metals. He know this that the UV rays caused the metal surface to shoots sparks. This did not surprise him much though what did surprise him was that the frequency of light which wood cause the metals to shoot sparks was different for different metals. He noticed carefully that increasing the brightness of the light caused increased production of electrons even though the energy of the electrons did

Overview Gauss's Law states that the flux of the net electric field through a closed surface is equal to the net charge enclosed by the surface divided by E0. Discovery German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss proposed the Gauss's law in 1835. Gauss's Law was proposed by the German mathematician and physicist Carl Friedrich Gauss.

Overview Reserve material in prokaryotic cells are stored in the cytoplasm in the form of inclusion bodies. These are not bounded by any membrane system and lie free in the cytoplasm. Inclusion bodies include phosphate granules, cyanophycean granules and glycogen granules. Some other inclusion bodies maybe surrounded by a single layer non unit membrane which is 2 nanometers thick. Discovery Fritz Jacob Heinrich was a German-born American neurologist, discovered inclusion bodies. Fritz Jacob Heinrich Lewy described the pathology of Paralysis agitans [Parkinson disease] and was the first to identify eosinophilic inclusion bodies in neurons of certain brain nuclei, later known as Lewy bodies, the pathological signature of the Lewy body diseases.

Overview   A diagram showing ribosome in an animal cell Ribosomes are non-membrane bound organelles found in all cells (both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells). Within the cell, ribosomes are not only found in the cytoplasm but also within the two organelles - chloroplasts (in plants) and mitochondria and on rough ER.  Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis. Cutlass ribosomes synthesise proteins which remain within the cell but robotics on the Obama membrane make proteins that are transported out. Composition Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and protein. Prokaryotic cells have three types of rRNA: 16S rRNA, 23S rRNA, and 5S rRNA. Like transfer RNA (tRNA), rRNAs use intrastrand H-bonding between complementary nucleotide bases to form complex folded structures. Ribosomes are composed of two subunits with densities of 50S and 30S ("S" refers to a unit of density called the Svedberg unit). The 30S subunit contains 16S rRNA and 21 proteins; the 50S subunit contai

  Overview Headquarters of CISCE in New Delhi, India Council for Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE) is a  private Indian board which conducts national level examinations in India for two certificates viz. ISC (Grade 12) and ICSE (Grade 10). History The Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations was established in 1958 by the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate with the assistance of the Inter-State Board for Anglo-Indian Education. It is registered under the Societies Registration Act No. XXI of 1860. The Delhi Education Act, 1973, passed by Parliament, in Chapter I under Definitions Section 2 (s), recognises the Council as a body conducting public examinations.

 Overview Selina Publishing house in New Delhi, India Selina is a publishing house based in New Delhi, India. It mainly is associated with CISCE and publishes science books for grade 1 to 12.

  Overview Ashok Library inKolkata, India Ashok library is a public library that distributes copies of books for various dictionaries and reference guides. It is situated at 79/1A, Mahatma Gandhi Road, Kolkata (700 009), India. It mainly sells it's books in India only with limited editions sold outside  [citation needed] . History The library was cofounded by Abhijit Sil in 2005 along with two of his friends.

 Overview An artist's depiction of the massacre, no true images were captured of the incident by camera [citation needed] On April 13, 1919 British troops under the command of then General Dyer fired on hundreds of unarmed Indians who had gathered for an event in Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, Punjab, India. [1] The incident was a major cause for increased anti-British sentiment in later half of the British Raj in India and inspired freedom fighters like Bhagat Singh to take up arms. [2] Backstory Reginald Edward Harry Dyer, the then British General who ordered the massacre. People from nearby towns and villages had gathered for the peaceful celebration of Baisakhi festival in a open ground surrounded on all sides by high walls except two openings. [3] Anti-protest repressions by the British govt. were at an all time high due to the increased number of protests all across India by new modern freedom fighters. Reginald Edward Harry Dyer, the then General in-charge of the area was

  Overview AAkash headquarters at Karol Bagh, New Delhi, India. Aaakash institute is a coaching institute in India, which aims to prepare its students for mainly competitive exams in India such as NEET and JEE (both mains and advanced) History Aakash Institute was established in 1988 and founded by J.C. Chaudhary, who is currently the Chairman and Managing director of the institute. Before the 2020 worldwide corona virus pandemic, the institute provided learning facilities offline only, however, it soon ran out of resources to reach out to it's students online and hence sold a part of its share with its now parent company Byju's . [citation required] Aakash was acquired completely by Byju's in 2021. Gallery

  Overview Spectograph showing various ranges of radiation including gamma rays. These are the most energetic electromagnetic radiations of wavelength less than 0.1 Å (or 0.01 nm) Sources They are obtained in radioactive emissions, when the nuclei of radioactive atoms pass from the excited state to the ground state. They are also present in cosmic radiations. Properties Like X-rays, they cause florescence when they strike the fluorescent materials such as zinc Sulphide. They can easily penetrate through thick metallic sheets (eg. 30 cm thick iron sheet). Gamma radiations easily pa through human body and cause immense biological damage. Uses They are used in medical science to kill cancer cells (i.e. radio therapy) AM in industry to check welding.

Overview The homepage of the website Momogaki.com is a adult imageboard website  hosting various images including that of unsuspecting people. The website ranks low in Google and Bing search results, unless explicitly searched for, due to its illegal nature. The site is hosted in a server based in USA and has it's webmaster in Japan. History The site was first archived by Wayback Machine ( https://www.archive.org ) on August 24, 2012.

Overview Toppr is an ed - tech company which specialises in giving cources from grade 1 - 12. The company also has a website www.toppr.com which contains answers to various questions, although the accuracy of most answers are debatable.    History The company was originally founded in 2013 as Haygot Education Private Limited. The domain of their website (www.toppr.com) was first archived in the year 2002 on August 8 when the domain was on sale. Gallery The homepage of toppr website

First World War - Explained Introduction Europe in 1914   In 1914, a war began in Europe which soon engulfed almost the entire world with the battles fought in Europe, Asia, Africa and the Pacific. This war was different from the wars fought earlier in terms of its scale and it's repercussions. It was fought on a worldwide scale and affected almost all countries in the world. During this war new methods of defence and destruction were used. Moreover, in the earlier wars the civilian population was generally not involved. But this war was fought by the people as a whole. Thus, the war marked the turning point in the history of the world. Because of the unprecedented extent of its spread, impact and damage an it's total nature, it is known as the first world war. French people protesting for public demand regarding boost I'm economy and power of nation, a clear sign of aggressive nationalism which was one of the causes of WW1 CAUSES OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR 1. Nationalism and

Overview The Merchant of Venice is one of the most successful plays written by the 'Bard of Avon'  William Shakespeare.  This famous play is a romantic comedy, mainly focusing on the love journey of three young men and the hilarious happenings that they face.  William Shakespeare Also called the 'Bard of Avon', William Shakespeare was a true artist of words. He used words to paint his ideas and imagination brilliantly with unparalleled wisdom.  The Merchant of Venice is indeed one of Shakespeare's most finest play's that he has ever written, ranking just under more extraordinary work of arts such as Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, The Tempest, etc. (To read more about Shakespeare,  click here  ) Plot The play begins by introducing the readers to one of the protagonists, Antonio. He is rich businessman and has multiple business ventures abroad. However, he is in a "melancholy" (sad) mood  and he is himself unaware of it's origin. He is in a street in Ven

Overview An artist's depiction of young Shakespeare. He was also called as 'Bard of Avon' William Shakespeare, famously known as the 'Bard of Avon' is one of the most successful playwrights Britain has ever produced. His plays are still very famous and are rather works of art that time cannot erase. He was, as we know from his biographies, aslo multi-talented. Early Life William Shakespeare the greatest poet and playwright o England, was born in 1564 at Stratford-on-avon, Warwickshire in England.  According to Parish records, he was baptized in Holy Trinity Church on 26 th of April, 1964. The village Stratford-on-avon was the centre of the most beautiful and romantic district in rural England. Here, Shakespeare learned to know the natural man in rural environment. His father, Jhon Shakespeare was a well-to-do trades man who dealt in farm products like corn, wheat, wool, leather and other agricultural products. His mother, Mary Arden was the daughter of a prosperous

Overview Byju's is an Indian company in ed-tech sector and has business ventures in multiple countries all over the world including England and USA. As of the year 2022, the company has seen rapid growth and has acquired multiple other ed-tech companies like Aakash. History   The company was started conjointly by Byju Ravindran and Divya Gokulnath along with a few other friend of theirs in 2014 as 'Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd.' [1]   . Divya Gokulnath was a student of Byju Ravindran, who was preparing for the CAT exam.  The small team of Byju Ravindran made an app now called as 'Byju's - The learning app' and launched it in the Indian market in . The successful launch of the app is partially because of India's quest of moving ahead in the filed of technology. Finance The company is funded by big tech giants such as Facebook and major private equity firms such as Tiger Global and General Atl